An act made in a management capacity; esp., an act made outside the actor’s usual field (as when a judge supervises court personnel). • An administrative act is often subject to a greater risk of liability than an act within the actor’s usual field. See IMMUNITY(1).
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judicial review of administrative action 〈英〉司法审查行政活动(原则) 高级法院据此有权就行政活动和决定的合法性和正确性进行审查，如果发现行使该行政权的个人或组织有越权或无权之嫌，法院可以宣告行政行为不正确；另外，如果行为人可以酌处决定是否行使该行政权力，则司法系统还可审查他在决定行使权力时，是否出于恶意或有其他不当的目的。
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administrative act (1)管理行为 依其管理权所从事的行为，尤指行为者在其通常职能之外所从事的行为，如法官监督法院工作人员的行为。管理行为常常要承受比行为人一般职能之内行为更大的责任风险。 (2)执行行为 指为执行立法政策和立法机关已宣布的立法目的所必须从事的行为，或据以成立的组织法所规定必须从事的行为。
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Administrative Procedure Act. 1. A federal statute establishing practices and procedures to be followed in rulemaking and adjudication. • The Act was designed to give citizens basic due-process protections such as the right to present evidence and to be heard by an independent hearing officer. 2. A similar state statute. — Abbr. APA. [Cases: Administrative
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Administrative Procedure Act 〈美〉行政程序法 １《联邦行政程序法》指美国国会于1946年制定的、规范联邦行政机关制定法规和作出裁决所应遵循的程序的一项联邦法律，该法颁布后曾多次被修订。其目的在于赋予公民诸如提供证据和由独立的听证官进行听证等基本的正当程序保护权利；２指某一类似的州法律。
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administrative practice 行政程序 指法律对行政机关举行听证、作出决定等所规定的程序。
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administrative law. The law governing the organization and operation of administrative agencies (including executive and independent agencies) and the relations of administrative agencies with the legislature, the execu-tive, the judiciary, and the public. • Administrative law is divided into three parts: (1) the statutes endowing agencies with powers and establishing rules of substantive law relating
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finding of fact. A determination by a judge, jury, or administrative agency of a fact supported by the evidence in the record, usu. presented at the trial or hearing (he agreed with the jury’s finding of fact that the driver did not stop before proceeding into the intersection). — Often shortened to finding. See FACT-FINDER.
administrative tribunal 行政裁判所 在美国，指区别于纯粹的行政机关，有权对相关问题进行审理，行使一定司法职能的行政机关。在英国，指在法院之外，由法律规定设立，用以解决行政争议以及公民相互间某些与社会政策密切相关的争议的特别裁判机构。英国的行政裁判所在组织上与行政机关相联系，不属于普通法院系统，但它又与行政机关保持独立。由于英国的行政裁判所往往是议会立法时为解决执行这种法律的争端而设立，因而各行政裁判所之间在组织、程序规则等方面缺乏系统性。依1958年《行政裁判所和调查法》〔Tribunals and Inquiries Act〕设立了一个裁判所委员会〔Council on Tribunals〕，负责对行政裁判所进行总体指导和监督。
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fact-finder. One or more persons — such as jurors in a trial or administrative-law judges in a hearing — who hear testimony and review evidence to rule on a factual issue. — Also termed finder of fact; fact-trier or trier of fact (in a judicial proceeding); fact-finding board (for a group or committee). See FINDING